|
NUTRIENT |
FUNCTIONS |
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS |
| Cobalt
(Co) |
Used in the
synthesis of Vitamin B12 and required for the growth of rumen
bacteria. |
- Loss of appetite, reduced
growth, loss in body weight, followed by emaciation, anaemia and
death.
- A depraved appetite may
be observed
- When associated with copper deficiency
is known as "Salt Stick"
- May be known as: Denmark Disease, Coast
Disease, Enzootic Marasmus, Bush Sickness, Wasting Disease,
Nakuritis and Pining Disease.
|
| Copper (Cu) |
Essential for hemoglobin
formation, enzyme systems, hair and bone development, pigmentation,
reproduction and lactation. |
- Fading hair coat,
light, straight wool growth ("steely wool")
- Nervous symptoms:
lameness, swelling of joints, fragility of bones and anaemia
("salt stick").
|
| Iodine (I) |
Essential for the
production of thyroxin (a hormone which controls the rate of
metabolism / heat production) in the thyroid gland. |
- Goiter in
calves, lambs and kids
- Stillbirths, weak
young, hairless pigs and wool less lambs at birth
- Known as cretinism in
young animals, myxedema in adults.
|
| Iron (Fe) |
A constituent of hemoglobin
- the iron containing molecule that transports oxygen in the blood
and other enzymes involved with oxygen transfer. |
- Anaemia - fewer red
blood cells and lower hemoglobin levels.
|
| Manganese (Mn) |
Essential for normal bone
formation, growth and reproduction. Activator of enzyme systems
involved in oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, fatty
acid synthesis and cholesterol. |
- Poor growth, lameness,
shortening and bowing of thelegs, enlarged joints, knuckling
over in calves, testicular degeneration in males and impaired
ovulation in females
- Slipped tendons in
poultry.
|
| Molybdenum (Mo) |
Is a constituent of the
enzyme xanthine oxidase - important in poultry for the production of
uric acid. Stimulates action of rumen organisms. |
|
| Selenium (Se) |
Involved in Vitamin E
absorption and retention. Prevents degeneration and fibrosis of the
pancreas in chicks. |
- Nutritional muscular
dystrohy in lambs and calves
- Liver
necrosis in pigs
- Exudative
diathesis.
|
| Silicon (Si) |
Involved in the
mineralisation of bones. |
|
| Zinc (Zn) |
Important for bone and
feather development. Is a component of several enzyme systems e.g.
carbonic anhydrase and is required for protein syntheisis and
metabolism. |
- Loss of
appetite and stunted growth
- Poor hair
or feather development
- Rough,
thick in swine (parakeratosis).
|
